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Distributive tendency
The distributive tendency is the propensity of the United States Congress to lean towards distributive politics, especially to gain political support and credit claim.〔 Through the distributive tendency, Congress’ bills evolve over the drafting process to become more broad and reaching with their benefits.〔Lowi, Theodore J., Ginsberg, Benjamin, Shepsle, Kenneth A., Ansolabehere, Stephen. "American government power and purpose brief edition 12e (paperback)." (2012).〕 Legislation that follows the distributive tendency has benefits that flow to many districts and can come in many forms, though in current day they are often monetary.〔
The distributive tendency is a form of distributive politics, a political science term that describes the spreading of benefits across different areas, interests, and constituencies in one piece of legislation. The term was “first coined for nineteenth-century land policies, but easily extended to include most contemporary public land and resource policies; rivers and harbors programs; defense procurement and R&D; labor, business, and agricultural ‘clientele’ services; and the traditional tariff." 〔Lowi, Theodore J. "American business, public policy, case-studies, and political theory." World politics 16.04 (1964): 677-715.〕 In fact, during the nineteenth century, a majority of policies devised by the federal government were distributive.〔Lowi, “Four Systems of Policy, Politics, and Choice” Public Administration Interview, Vol. 32, No. 4〕 To be considered distributive, a piece of legislation should be disaggregable, universal, and omnibus. Distributive politics is in contrast to regulatory and redistributive programs.〔Weingast, Barry R. "Reflections on distributive politics and universalism."Political Research Quarterly (1994): 319-327.〕〔〔Arnold, R. Douglas. Congress and the bureaucracy: A theory of influence. Vol. 28. Yale University Press, 1980. 14.〕 The distributive tendency is related to distributive politics, distributive benefits, distributive policy, and distributive legislation and is closely linked with logrolling and pork barrel legislation.〔
==Characteristics of Distributive Politics==
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